Section IV. Deciduous Ornamental Trees

• Chestnut trees Aesculaceae
• Horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum
• American horse chestnut tree species
• Birch trees Betulaceae
• Three-thorned Acacia Gleditsia triacanthos
• Chinese Gleditsia horrida
• Judas tree Cercis siliquastrum
• Chestnut tree Corylaceae
• Use of larch trees
• Rapid growth of larch trees
• Use of larch timber
• Larch plantations in Great Britain
• Contents of Section 4, on deciduous ornamental trees
• Jacopo Sannazzaro, romantic poet, on woods
• Oak trees and the arcadians
• Acorns
• Worship of oak trees in Ancient Britain
• Beauty of oak trees
• William Gilpin on oak trees
• Oak trees as specimens and in groups and masses
• Space around oak trees
• Noble Oak at Flushing, Long Island
• Beauty and utility, John Evelyn
• Oak species
• The White oak. Quercus alba.
• Rock Chestnut oak. Quercus Prinus Monticola.
• Chestnut White oak. Quercus Prinus palustris.
• The Yellow oak. Quercus Prinus acuminata.
• The Pin oak. Quercus palustris.
• The Willow oak. Quercus Phellos.
• The Mossy-cup oak. Quercus olivﾜformis.
• Scarlet oak. Quercus coccinea.
• The Live oak. Quercus virens.
• The English Royal oak. Quercus robur.
• The Turkey oak. Quercus Cerris.
• Other foreign oak trees
• Loamy soil for oak trees
• Elm trees
• Elms for public walks and avenues
• The gracefulness and beauty of elm trees
• The Red or Slippery elm. Ulmus fulva.
• The Wahoo elm Ulmus alata
• The common European elm. Ulmus campestris.
• The Scotch or Wych elm. Ulmus montana.
• Soil conditions for planting elm trees
• Plane trees, Platanaceae
• Plane trees in the United States of America
• Merit of the plane, or buttonwood, tree
• Buttonwood and Oriental Plane
• Ash trees, Oleaseae
• Soil conditions for ash trees
• American White ash
• The White ash. Fraxinus Americana.
• The Black ash Fraxinus sambucifolia
• Other native American ash trees
• The common European ash Fraxinus excelsior
• The Weeping ash
• The Flowering ash Fraxinus Ornus*
• Lime trees Tilaceae
• Leaves of the lime tree
• Lime tree in ancient formal gardens
• The American lime, or basswood Tilia Americana
• The white lime Tilia alba
• The Downy lime tree. Tilia pubescens.
• The European lime Tilia Europﾜa
• Soil conditions for lime trees
• Beech trees Corylacae
• Use of beech nuts to make oil
• Ornamental value of beech trees
• Visual character of beech trees
• Leaves of beech trees
• The White beech Fagus Sylvatica
• The Red beech Fraxinus ferruginea
• The European beech Fraxinus sylvatica
• THE HORNBEAM Carpinus Americana and IRONWOOD Ostrya Virginica
• Poplar trees Salicaceae
• Character of poplar trees
• Poplar trees in landscape gardening
• Criticism of poplar trees
• Balsam poplar Populus balsamifera
• White poplar, or Abele tree Populus alba
• The English aspen Populustremula
• Lombardy poplar Populusdilatata
• Wood of the American Black Birch
• Ornamental quality of birch trees
• American birch trees
• Groups of birch trees
• Soil conditions for birch trees
• The White birch Betulus populifolia
• Black or Sweet birch. Betulus lenta.
• Yellow birch Betulus lutea
• Red birch Betulus rubra
• European White birch. Betulus alba.
• Alder trees Betulaceae
• Beauty of alder trees
• Maple trees Aceraceae
• Visual character of maple trees
• Maples as specimens and in groups
• Maple avenues
• Sugar maple Acer saccharinum
• Scarlet-flowering maple Abies rubrum
• White or Silver-leaved maple. Abies eriocarpum.
• Moose wood, or Striped maple Abies striatum
• Norway maple Abies platanoides
• Locust tree Leguminosae
• Visual character of locust tree
• Timber wood of locust tree
• Soil conditions for locust tree
• Yellow locust Robinia pseud-acacia and Honey locust Robinia viscosa
• Three-thorned locust Acacia
• Shape of Acacia locust trees
• Three thorned Acacia hedges
• Edible sweet chestnut trees Castanea sativa
• Castanea sativa timber
• Soil conditions for Sweet Chestnut
• Visual character of Sweet Chestnut
• Sweet chestnut Castanea vesca
• Chinquapin, or Dwarf chestnut Castaneapumila
• Soil conditions for Sweet Chestnut
• Osage orange Urticaceae
• Wood of Osage orange
• Ornamental quality of Osage mock orange
• Osage orange hedging
• Soil conditions for Osage orange
• Mulberry trees Urticaceae
• Black mulberry Morus nigra
• White mulberry Morus alba
• Paper Mulberry
• Ornamental value of the Paper mulberry
• Sweet Gum trees Platanaceae
• Sweetgum
• Beauty of Liquidambar
• Bark of Liquidambar
• Walnut trees Juglandaceae
• Timber of walnut trees
• Ornamental value of walnut trees
• European walnut J. regia
• Nuts of walnut trees
• Gilpin on the ornamental value of walnut trees
• Butternut Juglans cathartica
• Hickory trees Juglandaceae
• Value of hickory trees
• Ornamental hickory trees
• Shellbark hichory Castaneaalba
• Pecan-nut Pacainer Castaneaolivﾜformis
• Pignut hickory Castaneaporcina
• Bitternut hickory C amara
• Mountain ash trees Rosaceae
• Character of mountain ash roan tree
• European Mountain ash
• American Mountain ash Pyrus Americana
• Sorb or Service tree Pyrus Sorbus
• White Beam Pyrus Aria
• Ailanthus trees Xanthoxylaceae - Ailanto
• Celestial tree in New York and Philadelphia
• Visual character of Ailanthus trees
• Kentucky Coffee trees Leguminosae
• Beauty of Kentucky Coffee tree
• Uses of Kentucky Coffee tree
• Kentucky Coffee tree in gardens
• Willow trees Salicaceae
• Visual character of willow trees
• Value of willow trees in landscape gardening
• Weeping willow trees in Babylon
• Willow trees in cemeteries
• Willow trees as a symbol of grief
• Weeping willow in landscape gardening
• Weeping willows and architecture
• Ringlet willow in gardens
• Uses of willow trees
• Willow basket manufacture
• European Basket willow
• Sassafras trees Lauraceae
• Visual character of Sassafras
• Catawba trees Bignoniaceae
• Visual character of Caltapa trees
• Uses of Catalpa trees
• Persimon trees Enenaceae
• Fruit of Persimon
• Visual character of Persimon tree
• Peperidge, Tupelo, Sourgum trees Santalaceae
• Visual character of Peperidge tree
• Black gum Nyassa Sylvatica
• Black gum timber
• Name of Black gum tree
• Hawthorn trees Rosacae
• Scarlet Thorn tree Castaneacoccinea, Washington Thorn Castaneapopulifolia, Cockspur Thorn Castanea crus-galli
• Associations of English Hawthorn tree
• Berries, or haws, of hawthorn tree
• Visual character of hawthorns
• Large Evergreen Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora
• Cucumber Magnolia Castanea acuminata
• Umbrella Magnolia Magnolia tripetala
• Large-leaved Magnolia Magnolia macrophylla
• Heart-leaved Magnolia Magnolia cordata
• Magnolia auriculata
• Chinese Magnolia trees
• Soil conditions for Magnolia trees
• Beauty of Magnolia trees
• Tulip trees Magnoliace�
• Foliage of Magnolia trees
• Soil conditions for Tulip trees
• Timber of Tulip tree
• Transplanting Tulip trees
• Dogwood trees Conraceae
• Visual character of Dogwood
• Foliate of Dogwood tree
• Timber of Dogwood tree
• European dogwood Cornus mascula
• Ginkgo Salisburia trees Taxaceae
• Introduction of Salisburia Ginko to America
• Visual character of Salisburia Ginko tree
• Ginko as a botanical curiosity
• Salisburia adiantifolia Ginko
• Cypress trees Coniferae
• Southern or Deciduous cypress Taxodium distichum
• Foliage of cypress trees
• Cypress blooms in Carolina
• Soil conditions for Cypress
• Foliage of the Cypress tree
• Cypress planted with hemlock and firs
• Uses of cypress timber
• European Cypress Cupressus sempervirens
• Larch trees Coniferae
• Visual character of larch trees
• Use of larch trees in Scotland
• Duke of Athol larch plantations
• Larch plantations at Blair and Dunkeld
• Durability of larch timber
• Red Larch Larix Microcarpa and Black Larch Larix pendula in America
• Use of American Larches
• Virgilia trees Leguminace�
• Visual character of Virgilia trees
• Yellow-wood Virgilia
• Radid growth of Virgilia
• Virgilia lutea
• Paulownia trees Scrophulariace�
• Visual character of Paulownia trees
• Growth rate of Paulownia trees
• Propagation of Paulownia trees

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