Modern planning tended towards the creation of similar places all over the world.
The belief that science, education and planning would inevitably make the world a better place derives from the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century. During the nineteenth century, planning became rooted in health, roads and other public projects. This type of planning was especially well-developed in Germany. During the twentieth century, planning became more ambitious, aiming to integrate transport, housing, industry, forestry, agriculture and other land uses. The wide environmental horizon was good but the technocrats' scientific approach had drawbacks. Planners were lured into trend planning, into single-use zoning and into the habit of deriving 'ought' from 'is'. The three stages of modern planning can be named, like architectural styles.
