This Plate gives two examples of artificial cascades from noted landscape gardens. Ornamental grounds of any importance are considered incomplete without the introduction of this feature in some form or other. Sometimes no actual fall of water is obtained, but elevated mounds, rocks, and boulders are arranged to indicate the configuration of a cascade. Such a dried-up waterfall may be seen in the garden of the Akasaka Rikiu, as represented in the upper illustration of Plate XIII. In this particular case the resemblance is to a mountain torrent, consisting of a long series of steps, parts being covered with boulders and portions strewn with sand and pebbles. A tall rock, somewhat conical in shape, placed on the right of the principal declivity, represents the "Guardian Stone"�an important accessory of all garden cascades. The "Cliff Stone," also frequently referred to in the technical volume on "Landscape Gardening in Japan," may be easily recognised. The lower illustration represents the cascade of the Koraku-En at Koishikawa, displaying a single broad sheet of water flanked by the "Guardian Stone." The background is thickly wooded, branches of the surrounding trees being arranged so as to partially veil the fall, in accordance with rule. A number of fine rocks are disposed in a natural and interesting manner in the pool below.
