Chapter 2: Compositional Elements of Landscape Gardening

The materials of landscape-gardening
Operations on ground, wood, water and rocks
Operations with a view to relative or artificial beauty
Natural beauty of ground
Harmony between landscape character, context and design
Removal of landform deformities
Turning deformity into beauty in landscape gardens
Distant scenes of park, hills or mountains
Improvement by planting trees and woods
Trees as an adornment of nature
Planting design in the picturesque style
Variety of colour in planting
Mass tree planting by landscape gardeners
Planting in the geometric style
Artificial plantations and natural woods
Artificial scenery and cultivated agricultural land
Artificial plantations on barren heaths and commons
Planting exotic trees
Fences in the ancient style
Management in the ancient style
Planting for the effect of natural beauty
Arboriculture
Water in landscape gardens and design
Water in the ancient style
Water in the natural style
Water in relation to ground surface character
Pond levels
Beautiful lakes
The grand effect of water in landscape
The marginal banks of water in nature
Rivers and rills
Progress and impetuosity in running waters
A waterfall or cascade in improvements
Running water in the geometric style
Changes to natural streams
The imitation of rocks
The character of rocks may be savage, terrific, sublime, picturesque or fantastic
The judicious distribution of stones
Fantastic stones
Buildings as materials of scenery
Architectural style and landscape composition
The origin of the different styles of architecture
The progress of architecture in Britain in modern times
Buildings as component parts of rural scenery
Architecture in garden design
Approach roads
The approach road in the geometric style was a wooded avenue
The spectator in relation to objects, roads and walks
Relative heights of people in scenery
Point of sight in relation to views
Approach roads in the modern style of garden design
Walks and surfacing
Mountain walks
Valley walks
Fences in the ancient and modern styles
Animation in landscape scenery