Adjoining St. Andrew's is the City Temple (Congregational), opened in 1874 under the unconventional Dr. Joseph Parker (minister 1869-1902) for a congregation originally founded in the City in 1640. Dr. Parker, whose Thursday services were exceedingly popular, was succeeded by the Reverend R. J. Campbell (1903-15); and Miss Maude Royden here made her first appearance in the pulpit in 1917.
We have now reached HOLBORN VIADUCT, constructed by William Haywood in 1867-69, in order to carry the thoroughfare over the depression of the �HoleBourne�. The viaduct, 1400 feet long and 80 feet wide, is made almost wholly of iron, but is not visible except in the central bridge over Farringdon St., which is 107 feet long and supported by 12 granite columns. On the corner-towers (in which flights of stairs descend to Farringdon St.) are statues of Henry Fitzailwin (died 1212), first Mayor of London, Sir William Walworth (died 1385), Sir Thomas Gresham (died 1579), and Sir Hugh Myddelton (died 1631). The shops are largely occupied by cycle-dealers. Beyond the bridge, to the right, is Holborn Viaduct Station.
In Snow Hill, which diverges to the left, John Bunyan died in 1688. A house on which are a bust of Dickens and figures of Nicholas Nickleby and Mr. Squeers stands near the site of the Saracen's Head, where the two latter joined the Yorkshire coach.
At the end of Holborn Viaduct, to the left, at the corner of Giltspur St. (leading to Smithfield), is the church of St. Sepulchre, the history of which goes back to the days of the Crusaders (12th century), though the present edifice is practically the work of �restorers,� mainly of the late 19th century. Parts of the 15th century tower and the south porch alone escaped the Great Fire. Down to 1890 the bells of St. Sepulchre were always tolled on the occasion of an execution at Newgate, and before 1774 it was the custom to present a nosegay here to each condemned criminal on his way to Tyburn.
INTERIOR (open 10-3). Roger Ascham (1615-68), tutor to Queen Elizabeth and author of �Toxophilus� and �The Scholemaster,� lies in St. Stephen's Chapel, behind the organ, and Captain John Smith (1580-1631), �sometime Governour of Virginia and Admirall of New England,� also is buried in this church. On the south aisle wall, near the resting-place of the latter, is a tablet with a replica of the original inscription (26 lines of verse, beginning �Here lies one conquered that hath conquered kings'). In a glass-case at the north-east angle of the choir is a Handbell which it was the duty of the bellman of St. Sepulchre's to ring outside the condemned cell at Newgate at midnight preceding an execution, at the same time reciting the inscribed verses. The Organ, built by Renatus Harris in 1670, but frequently remodelled, is in a handsome carved case.
