This chart is used in a book by Tom Turner: Asian gardens: beliefs , philosophy and design (Routledge 2011). The chart shows the types of garden made in the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China and Japan. The types are classified as: Egyptian sanctuaries, Egyptian gardens, Hindu and Buddhist enclosures, Islamic gardens, Daoist-Buddhist gardens, Shinto-Buddhist gardens. This chart was published in a book on Asian gardens (2011).
The lotus is an emblem of Asian garden design