Chapter 4 Public open space
4.1 Parks are for protection. Greenways are for movement. Both types of space can be public and open [green1].
4.2 The governing authorities hoped that by filling parks with sportsfields they could diminish juvenile delinquency, as shown on the cover of the National Playing Fields Association's first annual report, for 1927 [].
4.3 Public open space should be planned in conjunction with other land uses. [sunflo]
4.4 Hampstead Heath had to be saved first from building development and then from municipal conversion to a public park.
4.5 A classic, and still popular, public park (Battersea in London) .
4.6 Parks should be diversified. This Park Planning Chart shows a range of options. One set of choices has been ringed, for an urban fringe park [pkchart1].
4.7 Creative Conservation is an appropriate policy for Greenwich Park. The historical layers represented by diagrams (a), (b), (c) and (d) should be conserved in a creative unity which looks backwards and forwards in time (e). [green7] & [green8]
4.8 Market places often developed as a swelling in a roadway (from Abercrombie Town and country planning).
4.9 Urban 'squares' were originally used to hold outdoor markets. [gold1]
4.10 Selling goods remains an excellent use for public open space (Delft) .
4.11 Queens Square, in Bath, was designed by the Woods as a knot garden. The layout has changed but it remains a fine example of an English residential square.
4.12 Jane Jacobs examined four similarly located urban squares in Philadelphia. She found only one them to be successful. Why? [phil1]
4.13 The public garden of the Royal Library in Copenhagen is beautiful and peaceful. The statue of a philosopher (Kirkegaard) contributes to the calm .
4.14 This is a 'gark': an unblessed marriage of garden and park (Blackheath, in south London).
4.15 In Finchingfield, the 'green' is at the heart of the community.
4.16 As a fine art, parks are most likely to flourish when they are owned and maintained by national governments (Versailles).
4.17 The Lake District National Park is an interesting example of a place where a great are of land in private ownership is maintained for 'public' objectives.
4.18 The Tivoli Garden in Copenhagen is the best surviving example of a pleasure ground in private ownership.
4.19 This park, in Stuttgart, was made as part of a garden festival.
4.20 The greenway concept has a history of at least 3,000 years. [grtype1] [grtype2].
4.21 Greenways can be planned to serve distinct functions, which are likely to overlap (illustration reproduced from Greenway planning, design and management, Landscape Institute 1997) [g-way1].
4.22 Boulevards derive from bulwarks used as walks (Montreuil).
4.23 The Adelaide park belt.
4.24 A green incident on a brownway in Duisberg-Nord Landschaftspark
4.25 Colours can be used to symbolise the character of greenways. [colrway1].
4.26 The Philosopher's Way, in Heidelberg, is a whiteway.
4.27 The historic approaches to distributing open space in cities can be combined by means of a Green Web, interlinking town (left) and country (right). [greensp1]
